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New IDPF Access (7 October 2024)

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Finally after many years of waiting, ALL of the Individual Deceased Personnel Files (IDPF) are now at the National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis. Gone are the days where we have to request part of the alphabet from one location and the rest from another.

To access these files, you can submit a request to the NPRC. Surnames A-L are being digitized and you should receive the file that way. Surnames M-Z are still in paper format and need to be digitized.

Interesting though that many already have been for years, but this is the official line from NPRC.

Would you like help telling your veteran’s story?

I can help you discover the facts and records through research and write the story for you! Explore how I can help you and then email me at info@wwiirwc.com to set up a free consultation to discuss your research or writing project.

© 2024 WWII Research & Writing Center

5 Reasons Why You Must Have Army and Army Air Force Company Morning Reports

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james-in-uniform

I speak to many people on a daily basis about Army and Air Force research in the U.S. and Europe. Everyone is asking the same question. How can I find out where my soldier or Airman was every day? His OMPF (service file) burned in 1973.

The answer is simple. You start with Company Morning Reports. Here are 5 reasons you need these records.

  1. Company Morning Reports will help you reconstruct a soldier’s service, allowing you to document where he was every day he was in a company in a particular unit. You will also know when he changed units so you can continue tracing his service.
  2. Morning Reports document illness and wounds and if the clerk documented things, what field hospital or other hospital he was sent to.
  3. You’ll see changes in rank, MOS (job), transfers to temporary duty assignments so you know where he was at all times. Often, men were sent to DS (detached service) to help another unit. In those moments you also want to consult the other unit’s records to learn what was happening. This changes the soldier’s war experience.
  4. Changes in status to MIA, POW, KIA are also listed.
  5. Awards may be listed in Morning Reports if the clerk added that information. Many people want to know when or why a soldier received a specific award or decoration. This is one resource to help you discover that information and the often elusive General Order (GO) number.

Important! In a recent conversation on Facebook, someone posted they couldn’t trace their soldier every day, I suggested Morning Reports. Their response was they were working with DPAA because their soldier was still MIA and DPAA had provided unit level records and told them the OMPF burned. I responded that DPAA didn’t provide all the information possible and Morning Reports are the answer.

DPAA hardly uses Morning Reports or OMPFs in their research, from conversations I’ve had with them. It is not their job to reconstruct your soldier’s entire service history. Their job is to find details that document his MIA status in the hopes of locating the individual. They will not then provide you with the Morning Reports and details on service. If you want this information, you have to find it yourself or work with a researcher to locate this information. If they tell you it is impossible because the OMPF burned, they are wrong. You can retrace service without the OMPF.

Want to learn more about Morning Reports, how they can help your research, and how to obtain them? Read my articles:

Company Morning Reports

More on Company Morning Reports

What clues and information have you discovered in Morning Reports? Please share with us in the comments.

Can I help you with your research?

Are you ready to learn the bigger picture of your family member’s military service? Email us at info@wwiirwc.com to set up your free phone consultation today to discuss project options, fees, and time. You can also sign-up for our free newsletter at the Ancestral Souls Wisdom School and take a class on my 2-part military research strategy to research any veteran even if the service file burned.

© 2024 World War II Research and Writing Center

Top 5 Mistakes in WWI & WWII Research

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Get unstuck and discover your veteran’s story

Military Research from World War I to Vietnam can be tricky, frustrating, time consuming, and at the end, you may not have the correct answers. So what can you do to ensure you are finding your veteran’s story? Avoid these 5 Mistakes when doing research and learn how to find the answers.

Mistake #1: The Discharge Paper has a unit. This may not be the combat unit or only unit.

One thing many people tell me when they hire me to do a research project or attend one of my classes is that they can’t find information on their veteran using the unit listed on the Discharge & Separation Paper.

Sometimes that unit is a discharge only unit. All is not lost if this is the case because that unit is a start point to move through the records, especially if you are researching Army or Army Air Corps/Army Air Forces/Air Force service. Additionally, on Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Merchant Marine papers, the space to list all ships/stations/units is small and all units may not be present on the discharge so you’ll need the service file to discover more information.

How to avoid this mistake

Use the discharge paper as a start point. It is full of puzzle pieces to help you start building the puzzle of your veteran’s service. Create a timeline of service using the discharge paper to create the foundation of service. This allows you to see where your gaps and errors are; help you formulate better research questions; and ultimately find answers.

Mistake #2: The Official Military Personnel File (OMPF) contains everything you want to know.

The OMPF contains the building blocks of someone’s service. You’ll learn about enlistment and discharge or death. Medical information. Next of Kin information. Training stations, MOS (jobs), rank, where they served, promotions, court martials, and so much more. Often these records contain letters or official documents regarding family members. You just never know what you’ll discover.

That said, these files provide the foundation for you to add dates and facts to your timeline of service. They do not give you the context of service unless someone was taken Prisoner, Missing, or Killed In Action – then there may be some additional context. Use the OMPF as a start point but realize there is so much more to discover.

How to avoid this mistake

Recently I wrote an article, Reconstruction WWII Veteran History, about the military service file on my WWII Research & Writing Center website. The information in this article also applies to the Separation and Discharge paper for WWII. It’s a puzzle piece but not a veteran’s entire story. This document does contain vital information about service that may contradict a veteran’s story.

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Mistake #3: All the Records Did Not Burn

Society has been programmed to believe All the records burned in the 1973 NPRC fire. This is not true. In fact, previously damaged files are being reconstructed or “healed” in some way using new technology at the NPRC in St. Louis. While you might not receive every page that was in a damaged file (water, fire, mold), chances are better today than even a few years ago, that you will receive something.

What burned? They said about 80% of Army and Army Air Corps/Army Air Force/Air Force OMPFs.

What didn’t burn? Navy, Coast Guard, Merchant Marine and Marine Corps OMPFs.

There are plenty of records in the NPRC, NARA, Presidential Libraries, online websites, University Archives, Museums, Genealogical Societies, and many other places to help you discover information so you can conduct research.

If you are researching Army or Army Air Force service, you must have a unit at some point in time to do any research if the file burned. There are Company Morning Reports, Payroll Records, and Rosters to help you reconstruct service and the footsteps of your veteran. However, the archivists at the NPRC will not do this research for you. You have to go there or hire a researcher like me to get the records. You’ll need a unit to search these records. It isn’t enough to tell us your dad was in the 90th Division. If you can say 358th Infantry Regiment of the 90th Division, we can work with that but if you can go down to the Company level, it’s much easier and faster for us to search.

Don’t have a unit? Ask me how to start research by emailing me at jennifer@ancestralsouls.com. I give every potential client a free phone consult and help you find information so a project can be started. There are many ways to find a unit.

How to avoid this mistake

Remember there are many other records available to help you reconstruct military service. It’s important to find as many clues about your veteran as possible using home sources and online sources. There are also some records at NPRC we can access and other places, to help you find answers.

You can read more about some of these records at my WWII Research & Writing Center website.

Mistake #4: The Individual Deceased Personnel File (IDPF) is not the OMPF and Did Not Burn

Camp Butner, NC Winter 1943/1944. James Privoznik standing on right. James was KIA 11 January 1945.

There are two main files people confuse.

OMPF: Official Military Personnel File. This is the veteran’s service file.

IDPF: Individual Deceased Personnel File. This is a veteran’s death file IF they died while still in military service.

If your veteran survived the war, he will not have an IDPF. If he was discharged and died a day later, he will not have an IDPF. If he died of illness or wounds, as a POW, was Missing In Action and never recovered, or was Killed In Action, he will have an IDPF.

The IDPFs have been in various locations within the National Archives system since 2010. How to obtain copies of these files has changed many times. This is a file you will need if your veteran didn’t survive the war. It will contain information on the death, temporary burial, permanent burial, personal effects, possibly information on the circumstances of the death or Missing status. There may be legal papers for family members, especially if the legal Next-Of-Kin changed. There may be (rarely) a photograph. These files range from 20 pages on average to over 360.

The IDPF was never in the NPRC when the fire took place. They never burned. They also do not contain the full OMPF. Many people think the OMPF was merged into the IDPF but it was not. There may be some documents that were copied and added, but overall they were not.

How to avoid this mistake

Learn more about these two files in my article at the WWII Research & Writing Center.

Learn current ways to access the IDPFs for surnames A-L and M-Z in my article.

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Mistake #5: All the Records are not Online

Online and everywhere I teach I hear complaints that more records are not online. There are many records available to help you tell a story, but it is extremely rare to find everything you need online. The 7th Armored Division website may come close as they seem to have all IDPFs, Morning Reports, Unit Records (but not OMPFs).

You will find some records to help you reconstruct service on Ancestry, Fold3, Newspapers.com, FindAGrave, NARA, Branch-Specific Military museums, and many other sites. Use these as puzzle pieces to help you build the larger puzzle. Then visit a library or archive and do some old fashioned research! It really can be fun!

TIP! No matter where you get information – online or through archives – VERIFY the information you find against other sources. Military records do contain errors and sometimes other people’s documents.

How to avoid this mistake

Use online sources to help reconstruct service and find unit level records. Use online Finding Aids to discover what records still exist at a repository from the war. Then work with an archivist, librarian, or professional military researcher to obtain paper records stored in archives.

Work with a researcher who knows how to obtain records and will get you what you require – not just take your money and give you what they think you need. Learn more in my article A Word of Caution When Hiring a Military Researcher.

Explore your World War I or World War II Veteran’s Story

If you’d like to learn your veteran’s history, I take research and book clients. Email me at jennifer@ancestralsouls.com and let’s set up a time to chat. I offer free consults to discuss the research strategy, fees, time, and possibilities.

I also offer the Honoring Our Heroes program consisting of six webinars with workbooks to help you research any veteran from WWI-Vietnam, even if the records burned.

You can also pick up a copy of my book Research a Veteran which will guide you through the initial information gathering.

© 2024 World War II Research and Writing Center

Start 2024 By Telling Your Veteran Stories

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Unlock the Power of Your Veteran Stories: A Transformative Program for 2024!

As we embark on the journey of a new year, let’s make 2024 a year of profound transformation by honoring the heroes who fought in World War II. As we approach the 80th Anniversary of the D-Day Landings on June 6, it’s time to capture and share the stories of bravery, sacrifice, and resilience.

Have You Shared Your Veteran Stories?

If not, fear not! Our exclusive program is designed to help you effortlessly and swiftly bring your veteran stories to life. Join us on either Saturday, January 6, or Monday, January 22, for an enlightening 60-minute webinar on writing your veteran stories. This is your chance to embark on a journey of self-expression and healing.

Learn more & register at the Ancestral Souls Wisdom School.

What the Program Includes

60-Minute Webinar

   – Gain insights and inspiration during an engaging live webinar that guides you through the art of crafting compelling veteran stories.

30-Minute Private Coaching Session

   – Receive personalized guidance and feedback from an experienced coach to enhance the depth and impact of your narratives. This session must be scheduled and used within 30 days of the program or you lose it.

500+ Writing Prompts Book

   – Unleash your creativity with a comprehensive book of over 500 writing prompts tailored specifically for capturing the essence of veteran and civilian experiences.

PDF Guide

   – Navigate the writing process seamlessly with our detailed PDF guide, packed with tips, Do’s and Don’ts, writing themes, outlines, and more.

Why Join the Program?

– Transformative Experience. Rediscover the therapeutic power of storytelling as you embark on a journey of healing through the written word.

– Honoring Heroes. Pay homage to the brave men and women who shaped history by immortalizing their stories for future generations.

– Guidance Every Step of the Way. Benefit from expert insights and personal coaching to ensure your narratives resonate with authenticity and emotion.

Learn more & register at the Ancestral Souls Wisdom School.

© 2023 WWII Research & Writing Center

Winter Webinar Specials

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Winter is setting in and it’s the perfect time to expand your genealogical and military research and writing education. From now through 31 December 2023, I have special offers for you.

Take 20% off these classes. Use discount code: WINTER23

Introduction to Genogram
Why Was Grandma So Mean
Exploring Family Patterns and Stories
Ancestral Time Travel: Timeline
My Doughboy’s Story

Explore those classes and purchase in the Webinar section of the Ancestral Souls Wisdom School. https://www.ancestralsoulswisdomschool.com/webinars

Take $50 off these programs. Use discount code: WINTER50

Honoring Our Heroes – 6 military webinars + coaching session
Genetic Memories – 4 family pattern and ancestral healing webinars + coaching session

Explore these two classes on the main Store page at the Ancestral Souls Wisdom School. https://www.ancestralsoulswisdomschool.com/store

Do you need some reference books or an activity to do with your children or grandchildren?

Pick up a copy of my newest book, Research a Veteran Journal & Workbook.

You can also explore all my military research and writing books, genealogy books, Ancestral Healing Journals and Notebooks on the Books Page at the Ancestral Souls Wisdom School. All books are available on Amazon. https://www.ancestralsoulswisdomschool.com/jenniferholik-books

New genealogy, family pattern, and military articles on Substack! Are you looking for new content, new ideas, new ways to expand your genealogical skills or research, subscribe to my free substack and receive new articles every month. https://jenniferholik.substack.com/

Honoring Our Heroes Program

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Announcing the Honoring Our Heroes Program!

Starting Saturday 9 September at 10:00 a.m. CDT, I’m hosting six weekly webinars on researching your WWI and WWII service members and writing their stories. These will run weekly through 21 October. There will not be a class on 7 October.

In these 75-90 minute sessions before Q&A, you will get all the information you need to research and write your stories. I’ll even be sharing some travel planning tips for those who are traveling for the 80th Anniversary of D-Day in 2024 and the 80th of VE Day in 2025!

Early Bird registrants (offer expires 4 September) receive a discounted price and a 30-minute coaching session.

Programs include:

  • Research a Veteran (Research strategy part 1)
  • The Greatest Generation (Research strategy part 2)
  • World War II Sacrifice
  • Exploring the Online Battlefield
  • Your Doughboy’s Story (WWI research)
  • Battlefield Stories (start writing your stories)

Learn more about each program & register today.

The Early Bird Pricing and Coaching Session offer expires 4 September and then the price goes up. Grab your spot today!

© 2023 WWII Research & Writing Center

A Family’s Mental Health

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Our veterans were not the only ones to suffer with mental health issues and grief because of war. Families at home also suffered, often quietly. Have you explored the grief and mental health of your family due to war or the loss of a family member to war? This is applicable to both those families who sent men and women to fight and civilians whose countries were occupied or annexed during a war.

I’ve read hundreds of Individual Deceased Personnel Files over the last decade plus and the stories I discover in some of them can quite often be sad or shocking. Usually when researchers read these files or pass the information to a family, the focus is on the service member not the family members. Usually researchers are seeking the details about a service member’s combat experience, wounding, POW experience, death and burial. Of course other facts are sought but how often do we really pay attention to what the family experienced?

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Years ago I read the IDPF of a 104th Division soldier named Frank J. Knaus Jr. I also visited his grave in the fall of 2016 at the Ardennes American Cemetery.

One of the things that struck me from his file was a single letter written by a J. Sterner on behalf of Frank’s parents, to the military regarding Frank’s personal effects and all the letters the parents were receiving from the military. The relationship between J. Sterner and the family is unclear. According to what I could locate on Ancestry, it appears Frank was an only child.

The Letter

The letter spoke about the mental health and grief of Frank’s parents. The grief was so intense that Frank’s father was placed in a hospital. Often when we think about war and mental health, we only hear about how our veterans suffered and were placed in mental hospitals or other such facilities. We rarely hear about our own family members being placed in those facilities. Those events often remain as family secrets or things only to be whispered about until a family researcher discovers the secret.

Read Frank’s entire IDPF.

Healing the Grief

Quite often, those in the family who do genealogical or military research are the family healers. The ones who came here to end cycles and create healing up and down the lineage. We often unconsciously take on the grief of our family members. When something triggers that hidden grief in our lives, we may be confused about what’s happening or why we are reacting or responding to something so strongly. We don’t always have to know the specifics, but if we can learn the story, a deeper level of healing can take place.

Are you exploring the grief-filled events in your family’s history? What have you discovered? How did knowing this information change your life? How has it affected your research? Are you telling those stories so others know they aren’t alone in what their family has gone through?

When we share our experiences, even the shameful, sad, or hurtful ones, others learn they too can overcome and heal whatever they are going through. The more we bring our family’s pain to the light, the more we change ourselves, our ancestors, and the world. When one heals, we all heal. And healing is exactly what the world needs right now.

Are You Ready To Learn More?

What have you discovered about your ancestor’s war traumas through the military or genealogical records? Are you ready to start your research or writing project? Do you need assistance in exploring family traumas, patterns and ancestral healing? View all my services and book a free consult today and let’s talk about your needs.

© 2023 WWII Research & Writing Center

Use Historical Context Rather than Judgment of Ancestors

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How often in the course of your family history and military research and ancestral healing have you encountered information or beliefs or written words that offended you? Shocked or triggered you in some way? Made you react strongly which led to an immense amount of judgment on who your family member was? Invited negative energies like shame, guilt, and fear into your reality? Perhaps this judgment even made you question who you are as a result of being part of this family?

What did you do with all of these emotions, triggers, and new knowledge about your ancestors? Did you hide the information away, shoving it back into the darkness? Did you bring it to the light and share with family to better understand a belief or experience you discovered?

When we shove things back into the darkness and pretend they didn’t happen or no one else knows, those things fester. The beliefs, behaviors, patterns, and perhaps traumas rise in a new way later. When they do rise, it will be more dramatic because until we process, integrate and release the past, it will continue to show up to teach us something.

Use Historical Context to Understand the Past

In the world of historical, military, and genealogical research, we talk a lot about looking at our family or events through the historical lens. Learning what life, beliefs, behaviors, expectations, and experiences were like at the time they lived.

Each time period had varying beliefs, taboos, norms, religious ideas, political ideas, and other things that shaped who each person became and how they lived. It’s vital we know and understand this rather than judge our ancestors based on the beliefs, behaviors, ideologies, religious and political norms of today. So where do we begin to understand? Let’s look at an example from the late 1940s after World War II had ended.

Some Context

The following clips of a letter came from a woman whose husband was a high ranking Army Officer during WWII. He served in the Philippines and became a Japanese Prisoner of War. He died during his military service. This letter was one of many from his wife in his Individual Deceased Personnel File (IDPF). Pay attention to the second image in particular. How does it make you feel reading this?

Roadmap for Research

 The first questions I had after reading this was, what was this woman’s upbringing like? What were her religious beliefs? What were the beliefs about other ethnicities at this time? What propaganda had been spread about those living in the Philippine Islands?

I also wondered, although I will never know, What was her experience of the people of the Philippine Islands when she visited her husband?

A brief bit of research on this woman showed me where she was born, Oklahoma, which may have influenced some of her religious beliefs in that her religion and beliefs were the “right and best” and any others were not.

I also learned she married her husband when she was only 16. He was at least 5-10 years older than she depending on his true birthdate. Allegedly he lied about his age to enlist in WWI. He was born and raised on the East Coast and had a different upbringing. How much did his beliefs affect and shape hers at such a young age?

She grew into womanhood as the wife of a military man who quickly became an officer and lived his life in the Army. How did the Army and the propaganda shape who they became and what they believed?

Rather than pass judgment immediately on her or your ancestors – do some research to understand the WHY.

Then…..

Ask yourself why you react strongly to what you learn.

If you reacted strongly to this woman’s words – why? If you react strongly to something you learned about your ancestor – why?

As each of us raises our consciousness and rises above the programming of beliefs, behaviors, values, religion, politics, education, sex and marriage, roles of men and women, and all the other programs we have had drilled into us, we have to keep asking WHY. We will know to ask that question because we are triggered in some way or have a strong emotional reaction to what we hear or learn. This means there is something within us and our lineage to explore and release.

When we can even slightly understand the why, we can integrate and release the programming, the emotions, the beliefs and behaviors, and sometimes traumas like this woman endured, and heal. We heal ourselves and our ancestral lineage. We even heal our descendants. We change the world.

Are you ready to change the world?

What Will You Discover Through Research?

Are you curious about what you might find out about your WWI or WWII service members? What you might discover about your family through the genealogy and military records? If so, let’s start a project today.

Book a private session or free research consult, many options available based on your needs, and let me help you explore what’s hidden in your family tree, start a military research project, create your family tree or write your story.

© 2023 WWII Research & Writing Center

Status Was Everything

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We all know that today, no matter where you live in the world, if you have status (including military rank), money, education, and social connections, you will get farther in life. You will receive information, gifts, connections, and more because of these things. Is it fair? No, but this is how our world runs.

I’ve seen this same concept applied during World War II, particularly in regards to how much information a family received about their war dead. Families that did not have these things received the basic form letters of information. Families that had some or all of these things and pushed for answers, usually received them in great detail.

For examples of this, see my article at the WWII Research & Writing Center, Money, Education and Connections Provided Answers in WWII.

For more than a decade that I’ve been researching and writing WWI and WWII histories for clients and my own family and the hundreds of IDPFs (Individual Deceased Personnel Files) I’ve read, this is shown time and again. However……I recently read a file of a high ranking officer that rocked me to my core.

I can’t share too many details yet but this officer served in the Pacific Theater and was captured in 1942.  He became a Japanese Prisoner of War until his death in 1945 while allegedly being on one of the Japanese prisoner ships which was bombed by the Americans. Those details are unclear according to his file.

The Identification of this POW

According to this 280 page file on a Lt Colonel, he was allegedly on a Japanese Prisoner of War ship being transported when it was bombed by the Americans. According to history, we were not aware our men were being transported on these ships before we bombed them. This Lt Colonel did not appear on a ship list when completed by Graves Registration later, but he was added according to a document in his IDPF. Was he really on one of those ships or had he already died somewhere else? This may never be known.

There was an Unknown and an X-File created for this Unknown with details given about possible weight, height, age, dental information upon examination of the remains, and hair and beard color. Reading the file, this did not match well with the information on the Lt Colonel so a match was initially not made. Remember, DNA testing was not an option during or after WWII.

Enter his wife…… who began asking questions of her high ranking friends and connections and pushing for an identification so she could bring her husband’s remains home after the war. (Stay tuned for another article about her.) Due to the wife’s connections, a new examination of that set of remains was done and many questions were asked of her about her husband’s dental work and medical history. All of this is documented in the file.

After an extensive examination of all the information, a unanimous decision was made that this set of remains was in fact this Lt Colonel. Yet…….the evidence doesn’t make sense. After the identification was made, arrangements were quickly made to repatriate his remains and have them buried in the U.S. His wife and daughter, both deceased, are buried with him.

His wife received some closure, although it’s questionable if the identification was accurate.

Another Family Still Grieves

If the identification was not accurate and this widow was given remains of “her husband” to appease her and help her in her grief, that means another family will never receive closure because that set of remains is not available to DNA test today. Another family will forever have their service member listed as MIA and unrecoverable.

What happens next? I’m making notes about this case and asking a trusted colleague to do the same. Then we’ll see what’s possible after this if we both agree the wrong identification may have been made. If the identification is found to be incorrect then another family may receive the opportunity to gain closure. However, this also means the Lt Colonel may go on the MIA list. He has no living descendants as his daughter never married and never had a child.

It’s important to question everything you discover through military and genealogy research. Mistakes were made, people were human and in some cases, under pressure to produce a specific result. Examine all information through the historical lens and seek out more records as you build your case for each family member.

What Will You Discover Through Research?

Are you curious about what you might find out about your WWI or WWII service members? What you might discover about your family through the genealogy and military records? If so, let’s start a project today.

Book a private session or free research consult, many options available based on your needs, and let me help you explore what’s hidden in your family tree, start a military research project, create your family tree or write your story.

© 2023 WWII Research & Writing Center

Digitize Those Films & Slides

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Last month I bit the bullet and signed up for LegacyBox (with their Mother’s Day discount offer) so I could get my AVG Flying Tiger Robert Brouk films digitized. I have been sitting with a few films for a couple years and after hearing good things from other genealogists, I decided to give them a try. I was not disappointed.

I was hesitant to send in the original films so I sent in the VHS tapes and what came back was good. Well, one tape was so much older and degraded that the digitization wasn’t wonderful but still ok. Note to self – don’t put off getting the old stuff digitized!

Below is a 48 second clip of one of Robert’s films taken in July or August 1942 for an event at Soldier Field. Every time I watch this clip I smile and my heart and eyes overflow with love and tears. Bob has shown up a lot since I wrote his story in 2010 but to see him alive on film was incredible. You can read his story in my book Stories of the Lost. You can also read the story of his widow, Virginia Scharer Brouk in my book, The Tiger’s Widow.

I highly recommend Legacy box for digitization.

Are You Ready to Start Writing and Researching?

I would love to help you research and write the stories of your family members from World War I – Vietnam. If you are ready to start a research or writing project, email me at info@wwiirwc.com and let’s set up a free phone consultation. I’m excited to help you bring your family’s military history to life and preserve it for generations.

© 2022 WWII Research & Writing Center