The National Archives-St. Louis is in the process of receiving large portions of the Individual Deceased Personnel Files (IDPF) created by the U.S. Army to document deaths in service that occurred during the period 1939-1976. Eventually the National Archives-St. Louis will hold all of the records. By early February 2017, it will have received approximately half of the records that cover the period ca. 1939-1954. These records were maintained by the Army in an alphabetical arrangement, and selected files in this group are being digitized by the Defense Prisoner-of-War/Missing-in-Action Accounting Agency (DPAA). DPAA has completed their digitization of the A-L portion of the alphabet, and these records along with the post-Korean War files (1954-1976), which are NOT being digitized, are currently being shipped to St. Louis from the Washington National Records Center (WNRC) in Suitland, Maryland. To date (November 18, 2016), the National Archives-St. Louis has received five (5) of eight (8) tractor trailer shipments; the 8th and final load is due to be received the first week of February 2017. The remainder of the 1939-1954 alphabetical group will be received as DPAA completes its digitization project over the next few years.
It should be noted that the Army’s Graves Registration Service had responsibility for dealing with the remains of deceased personnel from all branches of the military until well into the 1950s or early 1960s. As a result, records for deceased members of the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and independent Air Force may be included among the earlier files. Furthermore, it must be emphasized that DPAA’s digitizing effort has been conducted for its own business purposes and does not involve comprehensive scanning of these records. Only selected files, and in many cases only portions of selected files, have been scanned. The only complete instance of this records series exists in the original paper files that have been transferred to the National Archives.Jennifer Holik
WWII Education – Searching University Archival Collections
I have been talking about and sharing a lot of resources on Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter the last week that encourage WWII researchers to think outside the box for research. Move beyond the usual sites to help you dig deep and find resources you didn’t know existed (mostly because no one every told you to look!)
Let’s explore what may be available in university archive special collection using an example from the University at Illinois – Urbana-Champaign Student Life and Cultural Archives
- Letters, V-mail, cards, and postcards
- Photographs of men who attended the university prior to, during, or after the war.
- Schoolwork and grades
- Memoirs written after the war about their experiences.
- Notes from books a service member wrote about the war.
- Military documents
- Programs from events
- Film footage
- Sound bytes
- Photo albums
- Newspapers
- Maps
- Diaries
- Fraternity and other clubs and social group records and photos
- Publications from university and groups
- Military training and program information. Many universities trained service personnel on campuses across the country and have records in their archives.
What can you learn about a soldier’s life from these items?
- Vital statistics – birth, marriage, and death data.
- Family information – parents, siblings, spouses, children. This may lead you to finding living family members.
- If a family member donated records the soldier recorded and shipped home, you might get to hear your soldier’s voice. One client I worked with last year sent me recordings of his dad’s records. His dad died during the war. It was incredibly emotional to sit and look at his photographs and listen to his voice all these years later.
- Information about their life prior to the war, while they attended school, and after the war.
- Read original and possibly unpublished manuscripts about their wartime experience.
- Find photographs to put a face with a name.
- Put your soldier into historical context by understanding what his life was like at the university or town where he lived. Soldiers are more than a photograph and short summary of their service. They had a life before (but not always after) the war.
What exciting things have you discovered using University Archival Collections? Please share with us in the comments.
Learn more about how I can help you research your WWII soldier, sailor, or Marine through my research services.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
Finding U.S. WWII Records & Photos – Are They Where You Think They Are?
I observe a lot of WWII conversations on Facebook, mostly in groups where people are asking for information on American WWII soldiers, sailors, and Marines. I observe several people replying with the same old free database links that everyone knows about, that will help you start your research but not take you deep enough into what you really want to know. How do we move from the same old links to something new and helpful?
First, understand that in America, unlike some countries in Europe, our WWII records are not in one archive within a state or the country. They are scattered throughout our National Archives branches across the country, Library of Congress, University library special collections, State libraries/archives/historical societies, local libraries/archives/historical societies, genealogical societies, WWII reunion groups or associations, Presidential Libraries, and many other locations.
Related to this is that the Official Military Personnel Files (OMPF) or service files are not digitized and online. This is one file you do want to help you piece together your soldier’s story. The Individual Deceased Personnel Files (IDPF) or death files are not online. Read more about records and access.
Second, most of our records are not digitized. Many archives, libraries, and organizations are working toward this end, but we are far from accomplishing this.
To really dig into the history of your soldier’s life, whether he is a family member or someone whose grave you adopted in Europe at an ABMC cemetery, you must dig into paper records at the various repositories. How can you do this if you live far away?
- Hire a researcher who lives in that locale to visit the archive and research for you. If the researcher has a website (recommended), then see if people have endorsed their research skills. Review the website to make sure they know what they are talking about and have the kind of research experience you are looking for.
Often, repositories have researcher for hire lists on their websites. Beware! Most repositories do not vet the people who want to be on those lists so you take your chances when hiring those people. Contacting genealogical societies is often a good idea because the board members can refer you to the researcher in their group they know can do the work you need.
- Search the finding aids and collection guides to discover all the available resources.
- Explore the access to records section of the archive’s website.
- Can you visit in person, hire a researcher, send an email or letter asking for research to be conducted?
- What are the fees associated with this?
- How long does it usually take to receive a response?
- Look in unexpected places! Contact the smaller museums, repositories, libraries, organizations that have almost nothing on their website. These repositories often have records that are not listed online or not digitized, but available. Smaller repositories often do not have the funding to accomplish what larger facilities can. A couple of years ago I volunteered at a local Italian American Veterans Museum. They had no funds and almost nothing on the website. But in the closet – boxes of Chicago related Italian American WWII files, photographs, documents, uniforms, and more. Sometimes you have to inquire. You might be surprised what you find.
Finally, for the more experienced researcher who has a better idea of what specific information they seek, talk to other researchers to find out where the really good stuff is hiding.
To help you start your journey into unexpected repositories, please visit my State Specific WWII Resource pages. If you know of a repository that should be on this list (which is a work in progress and will never be complete), feel free to comment and share the link.
Learn more about how I can help you research your WWII soldier, sailor, or Marine through my research services.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
WWII Education – Indiana WWII Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines Resource
There are so many WWII resources available it is hard to keep up with them all because some are online, some are in various libraries, archives, universities, and other places in the country. One resource I used again this week is the Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center’s Our Military Heritage section. If you are researching WWII soldiers, sailors, or Marines from the state of Indiana (and looking for photographs!!!) this is the place to start.
The Allen County Public Library is a massive genealogical research library. You can find many published family history books there and many WWI and WWII resources. They have done a great job of digitizing materials and adding photographs to their digital archives online.
In the WWII section you will find:
- Biographies
- Burials (Luxembourg Cemetery Walls of the Missing)
- Diaries
- Individuals – this is a list of Indiana men and women who served. Some died in service and at least one has his IDPF as part of his record.
- Letters
- Monuments and Memorials
- Original Documents
- Photographs
- Posters
- Unit Histories and Rosters (think digitized books!)
- Videos
- Battles and War
If you look at the main page for Our Military Heritage, you’ll see some other resources that might be useful for WWII research.
You can also Share Materials.
I encourage you to visit this site if you have Indiana soldiers, sailors, or Marines you are researching. You never know what you’ll find. And check back often as it sounds like they add to their holdings as items are donated!
Learn more about how I can help you research your WWII soldier, sailor, or Marine through my research services.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
WWII Education – Uncovering a Sailor’s Story in a Navy Service File
World War II research is a combination of online and offline research. Unfortunately, many researchers will tell you it’s all online and provide you with the same free database links over and over which do not move your research forward. It is important to follow the research process and pursue all leads, whether they are online or primarily offline. Navy records are one example of what is now becoming a good combination of online + offline materials because of digitization by Fold3. It is important to know that OMPFs are not being digitized at this time by NPRC in St. Louis so you will not find these valuable files online.
Today we will explore the Navy Official Military Personnel File (OMPF) or the service file. These files contain a lot of family information in addition to service information. Navy OMPFs were not affected by the 1973 NPRC fire and are intact. There is a fee to obtain copies. This record is held at the NPRC in St. Louis and you can read more about how to obtain this record in my article, WWII Education – Difference Between the OMPF and IDPF.
Look at the OMPF for George T. Howe, Jr., a naval pilot who is still Missing In Action today in the Pacific off the coast of California. (Not to be confused with his father George T. Howe who served in the Navy and rose to Lt. Commander. I have his OMPF, which is over 800 pages long.) When you request files be sure to include the service/serial number and birth date so NPRC doesn’t pull the almost right name but wrong man.
What can we learn about his life and service from his OMPF?
- His file contains a few photographs. Many Navy files, but not all, especially pre-1940 files, contain photographs of the sailor or pilot.
- George was born in Panama as evidence by his birth certificate. His father was stationed there at the time.
- There are school records, letters of recommendation, and a letter written by George explaining why he would like to enter the service. Due to his education, he is attempting to enter as an officer.
- Flight training information is included.
- Details about his father and his service are listed in a biography.
- We can trace the units George was in from training until death.
- Upon his MIA status in 1943, we know what personal effects were inventoried and returned to his parents.
- A certificate of death is included because he was given a Finding of Death (FOD) one year plus one day after the date he went Missing. This FOD is the official death date issued by the military so his family could collect death benefits and insurance.
- A memo about his final flight.
- Handwritten letter from his mother indicating she knows her son is still alive. Sadly he was never found.
- At the end of the file is a letter from his mother to the military in 1951 indicating she had a vision he was still alive. Again, George T. Howe, Jr. was never recovered.
What can you do with all this information? Put together a timeline of service so you know where the sailor was, what units he was in, when he transferred, any illneses (where there are medical records), locate family information, and begin the process of seeking other records like his Naval Accident Report, unit records, and articles about him online.
Finally, because records access differs between the U.S. and Europe, please read, Why WWII Research Isn’t Free. Also read, Tips for Starting WWII Research.
Have you obtained the OMPF for you adopted soldier? What interesting information did you find? How did it help you move your research forward?
I am taking new clients at this time if you are interested in working with a researcher to pull records for any military branch. I’m also scheduling speaking appearances in Europe for 2017. Please contact me if your group is interested in a program. I have seven to choose from on my website.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
WWII Education – Coast Guard Service Files (OMPFs) and Death Files (IDPFs)
There is so much talk about Army and Air Force records from World War II, that today I want to switch gears and talk about Coast Guard records. I have observed through conversations on social media, that when people think about the Coast Guard for WWII, they think of either the Pacific Theater of Operations or Normandy. The public has a general knowledge that the Coast Guard assisted in the transportation of troops and materials during the war, especially for the Pacific Theater or D-Day. Did you know there are 698 Coast Guard service members listed on the Wall of the Missing or buried at the following cemeteries?
- East Coast Memorial (Wall of the Missing)
- Ardennes American Cemetery
- Brittany American Cemetery
- Cambridge American Cemetery
- Honolulu Memorial
- Manila American Cemetery
- Normandy American Cemetery
- North African American Cemetery
- Sicily-Rome American Cemetery
- West Coast Memorial (Wall of the Missing)
Obtaining the OMPF
Have you adopted the grave of a Coast Guard service member and investigated his life and service? The Coast Guard records were not affected by the 1973 fire at the National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis. The Official Military Personnel File (OMPF) is still intact there and can be requested by anyone. You can download Form 180 from the NPRC website, complete, and mail in. NPRC will let you know what the charge will be for a copy of the file.
What does the OMPF for a Coast Guard member contain? Depending on when the individual enlisted, it may contain the following items. This list is by no means complete as each file varies in content. View a sample of what is in Lt. Thomas James Crotty’s file. Crotty served in the Pacific Theater, but his file is a good example of what other Coast Guard files contain.
- School records and grades.
- Letters of recommendation, especially if the individual was going in as an officer, from school and employers.
- Photographs (usually closer to WWII you’ll find more photographs, earlier files do not always contain a photo.)
- Medical history and health records while in service.
- A letter or essay written by the individual explaining his history, education, and reasons for wanting to join the military.
- Training information.
- Overseas station information.
- Insurance and next-of-kin information.
- Often the files contain handwritten letters from family members if the individual was MIA, POW, or KIA.
- Pieces of documents found in the IDPF.
- Death information.
Obtaining the IDPF
The Individual Deceased Personnel File (IDPF) or death file, should also be requested. Edited August 2024 – To view the current locations to request IDPFs, surnames A-L and M-Z, read my article. You can view Lt. Crotty’s full IDPF.
What does the IDPF contain? Again, this list is by no means complete.
- Location, time, date, and cause of death.
- Location, time, date and place of temporary burial. Sometimes this is an isolated grave or unknown location until after the war.
- Documents which detail burial, disinterment, final burial information.
- Handwritten letters from family members.
- Letters from the military, Congressmen, U.S. military organizations to the family.
- Maps, search area testimony and documentation if the soldier was recovered from a crash site or not located immediately.
- Dental and physical charts and information.
- Stateside service training locations and dates.
To learn more about these files and other records you can get for WWII service members, please see the Education section of my website. Both Honoring Service and Education have many links to articles.
Would you like to know more about Lt. Thomas Crotty? Here are several links to articles about his life. He is still considered MIA and listed on the Tablet of the Missing at Manila American Cemetery. May he never be forgotten.
- 2014 Coast Guard Dedicates Football Season to WWII Hero
- WWII Medals for Multi-service NYer 68 years later
I am taking new clients at this time if you are interested in working with a researcher to pull records for any military branch. I’m also scheduling speaking appearances in Europe for 2017. Please contact me if your group is interested in a program. I have seven to choose from on my website.
© 2016 (updated 2024) World War II Research and Writing Center
Stories of War Program at the CRASH Museum (Netherlands)
International WWII historian, speaker, and author Jennifer Holik, will be presenting Stories of War at the CRASH Air War and Resistance Museum ’40-’45 on Saturday 25 February at 13.00. Her program will be a combination of WWII research and tips on writing the stories.
During 1944 and 1945, thousands of men and women serving in the U.S. Army, Army Air Forces and Navy, fought to defeat Germany and liberate Europe. Their stories are those of life and death, hope, friendship, love, memories of those left behind, and dreams of the future.
Many questions surround the service history of these men and women. How does one conduct research from Europe? What records are available and how can they be accessed? How can individuals connect with families of the fallen, the sweethearts, or who shared their homes during the war? And finally, how can we preserve their stories? In this engaging and informative presentation, Jennifer shares:
- A trip through time, exploring the service history of several Army and Army Air Forces personnel.
- Resources to search prior to obtaining military records.
- Information on obtaining Official Military Personnel File and the Individual Deceased Personnel File.
- How to reconstruct service history.
- Resources for the Prisoners, the Missing, and the Dead.
- Tips on weaving military, genealogical, family, and historical records together to create a story.
- A formula for writing a military story.
- Writing prompts to get your writing flowing.
Would you like to learn more about WWII research? Pre-order a copy of Faces of War: Researching Your Adopted Soldier by 20 January 2017, to pick up at the event, from the Foundation United Adopters American War Graves (Stichting Verenigde Adoptanten Amerikaanse Oorlogsgraven.) The foundation will bring pre-ordered books to the event and have a limited number books available that day for sale. The foundation will donate all proceeds to its The Faces of Margraten tribute at the Netherlands Cemetery.
Jennifer will have a limited number of copies of her writing book Stories from the World War II Battlefield Volume 3: Writing the Stories of War.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
Honoring Service: 10 Things Genealogists Need to Know About European WWI and WWII Researchers
Over the last several years I have worked with, and collaborated with, many Europeans who research American WWI and WWII service. I’ve also observed that most genealogists do pre-WWI research only, because so many records are accessible online or in books for those wars.
Sadly, genealogists are missing out on a huge opportunity to learn more about members of their communities or families by not exploring the records available offline, working with overseas researchers, and speaking with veterans about their experiences. As part of the Honoring World War II Service Together program I launched in August, I’d like to share 10 things genealogists should know about these incredible researchers. It is my hope through these articles that more people will begin connecting and collaborating. You might be surprised at what you learn about your WWI or WWII family member that you didn’t know!
- Language. One reason I believe many Americans do not pursue overseas research is the language barrier. However, many researchers speak English, or speak it well enough to communicate (with some patience on both parties). Sometimes the researcher has friends who can translate messages. When all else fails, there is Google Translate.
- Researchers who have adopted a grave to honor at an ABMC cemetery, or do WWI or WWII re-enactment, or research what took place in the town or city where they live, have often done a lot of research on their own to learn the soldier’s story. They might have information and American records you do not. This includes photographs.
- Photographs are an important part of the research grave adopters and others do. Each person I’ve met or spoken with, strives to find a face to put with the name(s) of those they research.
- Do you know about The Faces of Margraten Project? The foundation, Stichting Verenigde Adoptanten Amerikaanse Oorlogsgraven (Foundation United Adopters American War Graves) who is selling my book “Faces of War: Researching Your Adopted Soldier” handles this amazing project. I attended the first Faces of Margraten in 2015. In 2016, the foundation added hundreds more photographs. The next Faces of Margraten will be in 2018, when the foundation hopes to have thousands more photos. Other ABMC cemeteries, like Cambridge, are following this great program and implementing it at their cemeteries.
- This group also runs the Fields of Honor Database, which currently contains three ABMC cemeteries, soon to be six. The goal is to tell the story of each soldier buried in these cemeteries or listed on the Wall of the Missing. They are always looking for more information and photographs.
- Living History is active and available in Europe. There are many WWI and WWII re-enactment groups. You can read more about that in my articles: 10 Things Americans Should Know About European WWII Re-Enactors and Honoring Service – Living History in the Netherlands.
- Many researchers have “boots on the ground” experience with the battlefields. They have walked where their adopted soldier fought and sometimes died. They know where the Memorials and Monuments are located, often off the beaten path and difficult for a tourist to locate. With this comes research, maps, photographs, and often testimony from veterans. I can say the best times I’ve had seeing WWII sites in Europe were with researchers who took me to see things I wouldn’t have otherwise seen. They also often sent me home with materials, pictures, and history, after filling my head with history all along the route we took during the day!
-
Veterans are often in Europe and many researchers interview them. And on the flip side of the coin, many European researchers come to America to meet veterans or attend WWII reunions and talk to family members. There is much knowledge to be gained by speaking with veterans and family members.
- Europeans have easy access to libraries, museums, and archives that Americans do not. There are other records, sometimes in other languages, in Europe. Working with overseas researchers, allows us to gain access with their help to other records that might tell the story of our soldier. The museums also have items our soldiers used, wore, drove, or shot, which also add to their stories.
- Researchers are often seeking Next-Of-Kin for their soldiers. Perhaps you will connect with someone!
- Researchers use American and European newspapers to spread the word about visits overseas, new research, upcoming commemorations and memorial unveilings. When you search for your soldier online, you might be surprised to find an article in Dutch about him!
- Our American men and women helped to liberate their countries. Sometimes more than once. Many researchers feel they owe our soldiers, especially the ones who died for their freedom, a debt. There is deep love and commitment in most countries to preserve the memories of our soldiers. They honor the memories by participating in Memorial Day and Veterans Day services, commemorations for specific battles or units, Liberation Day ceremonies, and often the birthday and death day of soldiers.
Photographs are usually taken at these events which can be shared with family members. At some of these ceremonies, Americans are invited to lay wreaths or flowers as part of the commemoration. I had the honor of doing this at Margraten for Memorial Day 2016.
There truly is a deep love and respect for our American soldiers in Europe. I encourage you to connect with these amazing researchers, tour guides, grave adopters, re-enactors, museum owners, and others who research in Europe.
Have you worked with European researchers? What was your experience? What other tips do you have for genealogists?
I am taking new clients at this time if you are interested in working with a researcher to pull records for any military branch. I’m also scheduling speaking appearances in Europe for 2017. Please contact me if your group is interested in a program. I have seven to choose from on my website.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
5 Reasons Why You Must Have Army and Air Force Company Morning Reports
I speak to many people on a daily basis about Army and Air Force research in the U.S. and Europe. Everyone is asking the same question. How can I find out where my soldier or Airman was every day? His OMPF (service file) burned in 1973.
The answer is simple. You start with Company Morning Reports. Here are 5 reasons you need these records.
- Company Morning Reports will help you reconstruct a soldier’s service, allowing you to document where he was every day he was in a company in a particular unit. You will also know when he changed units so you can continue tracing his service.
- Morning Reports document illness and wounds and if the clerk documented things, what field hospital or other hospital he was sent to.
- You’ll see changes in rank, MOS (job), transfers to temporary duty assignments so you know where he was at all times. Often, men were sent to DS (detached service) to help another unit. In those moments you also want to consult the other unit’s records to learn what was happening. This changes the soldier’s war experience.
- Changes in status to MIA, POW, KIA are also listed.
- Awards may be listed in Morning Reports if the clerk added that information. Many people want to know when or why a soldier received a specific award or decoration. This is one resource to help you discover that information and the often elusive General Order (GO) number.
Important! In a recent conversation on Facebook, someone posted they couldn’t trace their soldier every day, I suggested Morning Reports. Their response was they were working with DPAA because their soldier was still MIA and DPAA had provided unit level records and told them the OMPF burned. I responded that DPAA didn’t provide all the information possible and Morning Reports are the answer.
DPAA hardly uses Morning Reports or OMPFs in their research, from conversations I’ve had with them. It is not their job to reconstruct your soldier’s entire service history. Their job is to find details that document his MIA status in the hopes of locating the individual. They will not then provide you with the Morning Reports and details on service. If you want this information, you have to find it yourself or work with a researcher to locate this information. If they tell you it is impossible because the OMPF burned, they are wrong. You can retrace service without the OMPF.
Want to learn more about Morning Reports, how they can help your research, and how to obtain them? Read my articles:
More on Company Morning Reports
You can also watch the NARA Genealogy Fair session on Morning Reports from October 2016. Download the slides/handouts.
What clues and information have you discovered in Morning Reports? Please share with us in the comments.
Can I help you with your research?
Are you ready to learn the bigger picture of your family member’s military service? Email us at info@wwiirwc.com to set up your free phone consultation today to discuss project options, fees, and time. You can also sign-up for our free newsletter.
Want More Resources?
Visit the WWII Education Website and explore my military research webinars. This pack comes with 14 pages of questions, checklists, and resources to help you start your military research (WWI – Vietnam).
Also explore my military research books.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center
IDPF Records Access Change
The records access for the Individual Deceased Personnel File (IDPF) is changing. Here’s what you need to know.
The National Archives at St. Louis (same location as the NPRC) has the IDPFs for:
- NAVY and MARINES for the surnames starting with A-L are available to the public at NARA St. Louis.
- In January 2017, the ARMY (should include Air Force) with the surnames starting with A-L will be available to the public.
- Cost is .80 per page with a minimum of $20 charge.
- There is no option at this time for a scanned copy. Paper only.
Request the IDPF
- Hire Jennifer who can have the IDPF pulled and have it to you within two weeks with analysis of the file and suggested resources to pursue next.
- Download Form 180 and select the box that says OTHER and write in IDPF.
- Send NARA a letter stating you wish to have a copy of the IDPF under FOIA. State the individual’s name, branch of service, serial/service number, date of death, and birth date. If you have a common name then you might include a little more identifying information.
National Archives - St. Louis 1 Archives Drive St. Louis, MO 63138 314-801-0800
Surnames M-Z and Records at Ft. Knox
I’m not sure what this means for Ft. Knox and the scanned records. They are still working on the surnames M-Z for all branches. Those records in paper format will not be sent to National Archives at St. Louis until that is complete. I’ve heard nothing about them not sending files out, but who knows. You can certainly try to email them at USARMY.KNOX.HRC.MBX.FOIA@MAIL.MIL and request a file. It is taking on average, from what people are saying and I’m experiencing, 1-2 years to receive anything. And most people are still not receiving a confirmation letter that a request was ever made. Be sure to follow up with them often if you are requesting through Ft. Knox.
Working with My Research Services
If you are working with me on your adopted soldier or relative’s service history, the IDPF is still included in this research. I have a researcher on-site at NPRC/NARA St. Louis who is still able to pull ALL records available in a faster time than NPRC will answer requests. You also get a detailed report with analysis of all materials with copies of all records. There are several ways I work with clients. Learn more about my services.
© 2016 World War II Research and Writing Center